AVPR2 and renal carcinoma: Ectopic expression of AVP and its receptors has been reported in numerous cancers 32,33, with a potential anti-proliferative effect for V2R agonists in breast, pancreatic, colorectal and lung cancers 13,19,20,34-36 and an anti-proliferative effect for V2R antagonists in human renal carcinomas 33.