To further validate the infiltration of these immune cells, RNA sequencing data of ESCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed using CIBERSORT and yielded a similar result, with M2 and M0 macrophages and CD4 memory resting T cells being the top three largest immune cell subpopulations in the tumor tissues (Figure S1C). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and neoplasm.