The following clinical characteristics were significantly different across the 3 groups: age, the proportion of men, DBP, the durations of diabetes, disease onset age, smoking and drinking habit, Hb levels, FBG, HbA1c levels, Alb levels, TC levels, proteinuria, eGFR, HOMA2-IR and HOMA2-B, the prevalence of DR, DPN, DF, diabetic ketosis (DK), CHD, CVD, HTN, the use of lipid-lowering agents and OHA (P < 0.05). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.