As yet, the effects of somatic exonic mutations of HNF1B on cancerogenesis and tumour development have not been fully explained, although there are several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) which have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HNF1B gene as associated with either an increased or a decreased risk of prostate cancer14, 15, endometrial cancer16, 17, and even kidney cancer18. The gene discussed is HNF1B; the disease is neoplasm.