NFE2L2 and cancer: Further, Nrf2 ubiquitination and the binding affinity of Nrf2 to Keap1 is reduced in cancer cells by the competition of endogenous signaling molecules, such as p62, partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2), and dipeptidyl-peptidase 3 (DPP3), with Nrf2 to bind to Keap1 [172,173,174,175,176].