TGFB1 and pemphigus foliaceus: Additionally, the same research group employed a combination of ITC plus PTX in the same model of P. brasiliensis-induced PF and found that the combined treatment used at advanced stages of infection (week eight) showed a reduction of the granulomatous inflammatory response and fibrosis as well as of the fungal burden; interestingly, there was only an increase in TGF-β levels, while the other pro-inflammatory cytokines remained unchanged compared to untreated or monotherapy-treated controls [8].