CDC42 and colonic neoplasm: In the YUMC-C1 and YUMC-C2 drug-resistant and metastatic colon cancer cells, respectively, metastatic genes (CDH2, KRAS, CDC42, MCPH1, SRGAP) and markers of stemness (BRACA1 and 2, CD44, KRT5, WNT4, CD29, SAL4) were markedly enhanced (Figure 4).