TGFB1 and neoplasm: The concentration of cytokines that favors dendritic cell development and function, like the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-γ, is very low in the tumor environment, while factors that suppress dendritic cells, such as IL-6, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), are found in higher levels [41,48].