CSF2 and pancreatic neoplasm: The PANVAC-VF vaccine that targets MUC1, carbinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a serum biomarker elevated in pancreatic cancer, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and leukocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), was tested in combination with GM-CSF in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who were unresponsive to gemcitabine therapy (NCT00088660) [200,201].