In a recent study, polymorphisms on the nucleotide level in cagA, such as cagA1283 and cagA2551, have been associated with high-grade premalignant lesions, and the polymorphisms such as cagA2419 and cagA3435 together with polymorphism in cagL, such as cagL400, have been associated with the risk of gastric cancer development [30]. Here, S100A8 is linked to gastric cancer.