It was found that the strains with amino acid polymorphisms within the western-specific EPIYA-B motif, such as EPIYT-B, were found to influence the CagA activity, which reduces the ability to induce the hummingbird phenotype and IL-8 expression, conferring a high risk for duodenal ulcer but a lower risk for gastric cancer development [29]. This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and gastric cancer.