In this report, two AFSC exosomal miRNAs increased the survival of GCs and improved follicular atresia by targeting Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), after chemotherapy-induced POF. Here, IRAK1 is linked to premature menopause.