These observations were further confirmed in the coculture system of shZeb1/159 with HUVECs (Supplementary Fig. 10), demonstrating that juxtacrine activation of Notch1 signaling by endothelial Jag1 induces Zeb1 expression in breast cancer cells, which in turn contributes to the establishment and maintenance of their CSC phenotypes. Here, ZEB1 is linked to breast carcinoma.