We then use multi-variable modeling to estimate the relative contribution of these factors to population variation in the expression of these two genes, and by performing experiments on mucociliary airway epithelial cultures confirm a dominant role for both T2 inflammation and viral infection in regulating the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Finally, we define the cellular and transcriptional responses to in vivo coronavirus infections in the nasal airway of children. This evidence concerns the gene ACE2 and viral infectious disease.