Ku can also bind RNA (16–18) and recent studies suggest that DNA-PK activity (which comprises of Ku and DNA-PK catalytic subunit, DNA-PKcs) may be required for diverse processes in RNA metabolism that include regulation of rRNA processing and haematopoiesis (19), the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway (20) and atherosclerosis (21). This evidence concerns the gene PRKDC and atherosclerosis.