Whether CD4+ T cells are involved in human AKI is unknown, but in pig models of renal autotransplantation, addition of polyethylene glycol, trimetazidine, and/or an inhibitor of complement to preservation solutions decreases infiltration of macrophages and T or CD4+ T cells into the kidney, and results in reduced graft injury [65–68]. Here, CD4 is linked to acute kidney injury.