TNF and cancer: Most of the genes in the subnetworks (Figures 4D,E) were inflammatory cytokines and participated in TNF signaling pathways and pathways in cancer, such as Ccl2, Ccl20, Csf1, Cx3cl1, Cxcl1, Cxcl3, Il6, Birc3, Map3k8, Nos2, Nfkb2, Tnfrsf1b, and Vcam1.