IL3 and myelodysplastic syndrome: For instance, Dr. Daniel Nowak's group showed that intra-bone injection of MDS patient-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) contributes to the propagation of MDS-initiating stem cells and disease progression in orthotopic xenografts of NSG and NSG-SGM3 animals (NSG animals constitutively expresses human GM-CSF/IL-3 and stem cell factors) (60).