CAVIN1 and muscular dystrophy: Lacking either one ablates caveolae completely.[6] The defective caveolae will lead to diverse diseases including cancer, lipodystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and muscular dystrophies.[6] Most knowledge about the functions of caveolae comes from the studies of caveolins and cavins, especially the studies of caveolin or cavin deficient mice.[4, 6, 7] Most phenotypes of Caveolin1 or Cavin1 deficient mice are centered on metabolism, such as reduced adipose tissue, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and less physical activity.[4, 6, 7]