In addition, they also observed that: (i) BALF from CF patients suppressed the phagocytic activity of both murine peritoneal macrophages and a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7); and (ii) murine macrophages in which the TLR4 gene had been inactivated were resistant to the anti-phagocytic action of HMGB1 (97). Here, HMGB1 is linked to cystic fibrosis.