Previous studies from the same authors reported the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen-specific Th2 cells in the blood of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing surgery that correlated with the presence of predominant GATA-3 positive lymphoid cells in the tumor stroma (26), and of inflammatory IL-13 secreting Th2 cells in primary breast cancer that contributed to accelerate tumor development in a humanized mouse model (27). This evidence concerns the gene GATA3 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.