It is worth mentioning that all four genome-wide significant risk loci (PLA2R1, IRF4, NFKB1, and HLA) with highly pleiotropic effects identified in this extensive genetic study have a concordant effect on the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); this fact suggests that there is a shared pathogenic mechanism between IBD and IMN (45). The gene discussed is IRF4; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.