MTOR and infantile spasms: Currently, the most effective long-term treatment for epilepsy in TSC is vigabatrin, a highly effective drug against infantile spasms in TSC patients (13–15), whereas a subgroup of eligible patients benefits from adjunctive everolimus [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor] treatment or surgical resection of the suspected epileptogenic lesion (14, 16–19).