In comparison to other intensive glucose-lowering groups treated with insulin, chlorpropamide or glibenclamide, metformin was superior with respect to diabetes-related endpoints (sudden death, death from hypo- or hyperglycaemia, fatal or non-fatal MI, angina, HF, stroke, renal failure, amputation, vitreous hemorrhage, retinopathy requiring photocoagulation, blindness in one eye, or cataract extraction), all-cause mortality and stroke. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is stroke disorder.