The RENEWAL trial (Randomized Etanercept Worldwide Evaluation), testing etanercept, and the ATTACH trial (Anti-TNF-α Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure), involving infliximab, showed no indication of beneficial effects with treatment and the ATTACH trial exposed adverse effects of anti-TNF-α therapy (Bozkurt et al., 2001; Chung et al., 2003; Mann et al., 2004). Here, TNF is linked to congestive heart failure.