Furthermore, hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation are reported to be crucial to preventing and alleviating amyloid-β deposition in an animal model using infused amyloid-β into the hippocampus.(24,35,36) AD-IMF improved hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation but its ketone production was not as much as AD-KD in the present study. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Alzheimer disease.