CAPN2 and ischemia: Hsp70.1 is a major protein of human Hsp70 family, and mainly functions as a chaperone enabling the cell to cope with harmful aggregations of denatured/damaged proteins during and after insults such as heat and ischemia.(26,27) In addition, the expression of Hsp70.1 at the lysosomal membrane confers its stability against cell stresses.(28–33) Previously, Sahara and Yamashima(34) demonstrated that carbonylated Hsp70.1 in the CA1 after ischemia was cleaved by activated μ-calpain.