The IL-10-regulated genes that correlated with the inflammatory cytokine but not the lymphocyte differentiation eigengene (black box, figure 4E) showed a significantly superior ability to predict anti-TNF response after 4–6 weeks of treatment in an independent cohort of patients with UC (UC-cohort GSE12251)28 and diagnosis of CD in the RISK cohort26 (figure 4F‒H, online supplemental table 5). Here, IL10 is linked to Cowden disease.