In addition, both RIPK1 inhibitor (Nec-1) and genetic deletion of RIPK1 by CRISPR/cas9 almost completely rescued Poly(I:C)/Smac/zVAD-fmk-induced necroptosis in CCA cell lines expressing-RIPK3 including KKU213 and HuCCT-1 (Fig. 4d, e, f). The gene discussed is PCSK1; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.