We therefore hypothesized that RIPK1 could play a central mediator of TLR3 ligand, Poly(I:C) and Smac mimetic-induced both apoptosis (Poly(I:C)/Smac) and necroptosis (Poly(I:C)/Smac/zVAD-fmk) in CCA cell lines. Here, RIPK1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.