SMAD3 and colorectal carcinoma: SMAD3 hypomethylation was found in 91.4% (501/548) of Taiwanese CRC tissues, which is higher than the long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation (66.2%) in CRC tissues and SEPT9 hypermethylation (60.92%) in Taiwanese patients with CRC [27,28].