PCSK9 and hyperlipidemia: Although the causes of hyperlipidemia remain elusive, some autosomal mutations in genes involved in lipoprotein catabolism, including LDL receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and upstream transcription factor 1, are reportedly related with primary hyperlipidemia [1].