APEX1 and melanoma: Along these lines, a recent preclinical study analyzed the role of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2), a wingless type MMTV integration site family member (Wnt) antagonist, in vemurafenib resistance: The sFRP2, produced and released in the TME by aged fibroblasts, actives a cascade of events in melanoma cells, ultimately leading to the loss of the redox effector apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1).