Some authors consider Se as a diabetogenic trace element, its dietary supplementation does not contribute to the overexpression of antioxidant seleno-enzymes [9], but it promotes obesity, exacerbation of insulin resistance state and excessive generation of ROS [8], [9], [10], while others have reported that Se has an insulin-mimetic effect, its nutritional supplementation improves insulin signal transmission, decreases oxidative stress, glucose intolerance and delays the onset of diabetes complications [11], [12]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.