The cytotoxicity of the newly developed tHBcAg VLNP harboring 5-FA and CPP was then compared with that of free 5-FA and 5-FU in cancer cells (A431, HT29 and HeLa cells) expressing different levels of EGFR36, in which the conjugate demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity towards the cells expressing higher level of EGFR, particularly the A431 cells. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is cancer.