CYP3A4 and COVID-19: Additionally, concentrations of lopinavir in patients with COVID-19 have been reported to be substantially higher than in patients with HIV, perhaps due to inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism by inflammation.24, 25, 26, 27 A pharmacokinetic analysis of a range of putative SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs has predicted that lopinavir–ritonavir at the doses we used would achieve lung concentrations above the EC90, albeit not across the entire dosing interval.23