The identification of a gene predisposing to breast and ovarian cancer in 1994 (BRCA1) [1], and the subsequent discovery of a second gene related to the susceptibility to the same diseases (BRCA2) [2] in 1995 quickly marked a new era for genetic testing, providing women and their biological relatives with new opportunities for cancer risk assessment and management [3,4]. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and cancer.