FREM1 and congenital diaphragmatic hernia: In addition to laminins, the RNAseq experiments identified other ECM factors with roles in basement membrane integrity, including Frem1 and Frem2. Mutations in FREM1 or FREM2 often result in human birth defects including congenital diaphragmatic hernia as well as abnormalities in craniofacial and renal development [52, 53].