SHH and infection: The gastric mucosa of Shh-null mice showed epithelial hyperplasia and alkaline phosphatase expression, representing a state of intestinal epithelial differentiation.105 In the early stages of infection, an increase in Shh expression, observed in H. pylori infection of gastric organoids, was regulated by activation of the NF-κB signaling.107 The significance of the promotion of Shh expression can be understood as the promotion of the healing of gastric mucosal injury.