TLR4 and infection: Tlr‐4 signaling in response to its ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell component of gram‐negative bacteria, elicits cytokine and chemokine responses as key facets of the tissue response to infection and injury (Chassin et al., 2006; Janeway & Medzhitov, 2002; Zeytun, Chaudhary, Pardington, Cary, & Gupta, 2010).