TNF and isolated hemihyperplasia: Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α have been proved to increase in patients with OSA [30, 103–107], and this increase of inflammation cytokines was even not improved by CPAP therapy [103, 108, 109], suggesting the inflammation seems not coming from IH only, which may be partially attributed to gut microbiota dysbiosis and destruction of intestinal epithelium barrier.