Two key genes in the inflammatory process, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), provide a mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer, while some cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6-induced signaling, have been recently shown to promote tumor growth in experimental models of colitis-associated cancer [72]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is cancer.