TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Most of the 20 biomarkers were positively or negatively correlated with four cytokines, among which thiamine, uracil, glutathione, and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate were significantly correlated with proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, and those metabolites also belong to the pathway regulated by CA and GA, implying that those biomarkers may act as potential therapeutic targets of liver disorder resulting from IBD.