In addition, another study that used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to probe the role of PD-L1 in the acquisition of chemoresistance showed that knockout of PD-L1 in osteosarcoma cells can significantly lower their resistance to DOX, and paclitaxel,387 further supporting the aforementioned studies.385,386 In addition to being involved in DOX resistance, the contributions to chemotherapy resistance made by reciprocal and complementary interactions between EMT and PD-L1 have been further validated in cisplatin (DDP) resistance of NSCLC cells. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.