In a case–control study with 50 patients of GBC, 10 samples of normal gallbladder tissues and 19 samples of chronic cholecystitis, VEGF-C and -D were overexpressed in GBC tissues relative to normal or inflammation tissues.94 Strongly supporting this evidence, a number of independent studies have found that serum and tumor VEGF-C levels were increased in patients with GBC compared with healthy donors. Here, VEGFC is linked to neoplasm.