Therefore, the multi-epitope peptides designed in this study, containing HLA-A*02-restricted HTNV-GP CTL epitope VV9, which has been proven to induce a high level of protective CD8+ T-cell responses in HFRS patients [23], will cover 30–40% of the at-risk population in China. Here, HLA-A is linked to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.