The PCa group showed a significantly higher PSA level (10.68 ± 4.05 vs. 9.09 ± 3.40, p < 0.001), a significantly higher positive finding following digital rectal exams (31.4% vs. 13.3%, p < 0.001), a significantly smaller TPV (39.21 ± 15.29 vs. 54.88 ± 24.30, p < 0.001), a significantly smaller TZV (23.15 ± 12.34 vs. 35.27 ± 20.20, p < 0.001), a significantly higher PSAD (0.31 ± 0.17 vs. 0.18 ± 0.09, p < 0.001) and a significantly higher TZPSAD (0.60 ± 0.49 vs. 0.33 ± 0.21, p < 0.001), compared with the non-PCa group. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.