CCL2 and metabolic syndrome: Furthermore, soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were found to be elevated among participants with metabolic syndrome; and plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were elevated among participants with T2DM relative to those with normal glucose tolerance [10].