The Tox-NR4A axis has been identified as a potential engineering target in adoptive cell therapies, as both Tox1/2 double knockout [104] and NR4A1-3 triple knockout CAR-T [112] cells exhibited enhanced effector function, cytokine production and tumour clearance in B16-hCD19 tumours, alongside increased chromatin accessibility in genes bound by AP-1 complexes. Here, FOS is linked to neoplasm.