VEGF is known to have several isoforms; VEGFA165 is the predominant isoform in the eye with multiple pro- and anti-angiogenic splice variants.84 In a newborn mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), oxidative stress from fluctuating hyperoxia and hypoxia leads to altered vascular development with tortuous arteries, dilated veins, and capillary attrition, akin to human ROP.82,85 These changes persist in adult mice with long-term abnormalities in vascularization, structure, and function both in vivo and histologically.86,87. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is retinopathy of prematurity.