TYMS and neoplasm: In NSCLC, EMT enhances the inflammatory tumour microenvironment leading to activation of multiple immune checkpoint proteins, including PD-L1.37 A recent clinical trial has demonstrated a better outcome in NSCLC when pemetrexed is administered in combination with a PD-L1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab.38 Since, TS drives EMT and EMT has been shown to modulate response to immune therapy, a functional correlation between TS expression and susceptibility to immunotherapy could be deduced in NSCLC.