EDN1 and ischemia: After 2 weeks of stimulation, the infarct volume for the ET-1 + STIM group was 21.78 ± 1.73 mm3, which was 19.75% lower than that of the ET-1 group (27.14 ± 1.43 mm3) (P = 0.0413, Fig. 2c and d), suggesting that LCN DBS at 1 week after ischemia reduced infarct volume.