Following the promising results of an investigator-initiated Phase 2 open-label trial on the CTLA-4 inhibitor tremelimumab in HCC patients [14], the worldwide attention of hepatologists toward ICIs was increased by the announcement of the results of a multicohort Phase 1b/2 trial exploring the effect of PD1-inhibitor nivolumab (Checkmate-040, NCT01658878). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma.